lace

A net is a network of weaves in the shapes of rhombuses, circles, hexagons and squares, which are densely interwoven and integrated. The material of nets is usually polyethylene, galvanized, steel or aluminum.

Canopy net or greenhouse shade

Greenhouse shade net or green canopy net is used as a net in the yard or on the greenhouse, fish breeding pond, animal husbandry, etc., in order to create shade and prevent excessive sunlight.

Orchards that are built in areas with high light intensity always face the problem of sunburn of their products. The high intensity of sunlight causes the color change and burning of the surface of the fruit skin as well as the reduction of water inside the fruit, this will lead to a decrease in the marketability of the fruit and its quality. The use of canopy nets reduces the intensity of sunlight, the temperature of the plant surface and increases its quality. Choosing a canopy with a suitable shading rate depends on the temperature and light intensity of the area and the light requirement of the plant. But usually, a canopy with a shading rate of 50% or higher is used in accordance with the climatic conditions to deal with sunburn of fruits in gardens and greenhouses.

Technical specifications of canopy netting (greenhouse shading shade)

The high heat in the hot seasons is such that the use of natural ventilation such as windows and the use of evaporative cooling systems and coolers no longer work, and we have to contribute to the cooling of the greenhouse environment by using shade. . One of the ways to create shade in greenhouses, parking lots, aquariums, etc. is to use shade nets. In the old days, mats were used to create shade. The use of mats has become obsolete due to its fragility and heavy weight, and today it has been replaced by nets. Greenhouse shade netting is made of thin polyethylene fibers. The nets are made of high quality HDPE material and are also resistant to UV rays.

One of the types of netting is shade netting, which has a standard length of 50 meters and different widths of 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 meters, with different densities that have different shading coefficients (shade scattering rate) including They have 30, 50, 65 and 80% (90% customized), they are produced with different coefficients of exposure and shading and are available in complete rolls.

It is worth mentioning that canopy netting is one of the agricultural tools, and due to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness, it has other uses in addition to agriculture. The methods used in the awning net give it high resistance to weather changes, including heat, rain, etc., which makes the net work optimally and its coherent structure, usually at a temperature of 25 to 60 degrees Celsius. It is graded.

Greenhouse canopy net specifications

Due to its wide range of applications, canopy netting has various standard models, but the important point that distinguishes this netting is the ability to customize the width, length, color and density of the texture or shading percentage depending on the customer’s needs.

Greenhouse shade in the form of different textures such as flat yarn, round yarn and a combination of the two, in different sizes such as widths of 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 (customized) meters and standard length of 50 meters depending on the customer’s needs. It can be changed, they can be supplied in the canopy net production line.

The amount of UV used: 6% (resistance to sunlight)

Shade net specifications

The amount of UV used: 6% (resistance to sunlight)

The ratio of tissue density to the area of network coverage per kilogram

Greenhouse netting with 30, 50 and 80% shading

Most types of greenhouse shade nets are divided into three types of 30, 50 and 80% shading in terms of shading percentage. For example, in the 80% net, that is, the mesh or its weave is such that 80% of the light is taken and 20% passes through it. In the past, canopy nets were produced in three colors: white, green and black. In this way, the white shade net of the greenhouse indicated the density of 30%, green 50%, and the black color indicated the net of the canopy 80%. But now the color of all the greenhouse shades supplied by Famco company is dark green with a different shading percentage. Of course, according to the customer’s request and the order in large quantities, the net shade is produced in different colors.

Due to the presence of anti-UV (UV) materials, canopy nets are highly resistant to the harmful ultraviolet rays of the sun, which makes them last longer. They are also resistant to corrosion and chemicals. Sometimes, laces with a specific width and length are produced in a customized manner and in large quantities according to the customer’s request. Greenhouse sheds are woven in the form of a grid and are usually produced in the form of a circular weave from polyethylene or polypropylene raw materials of very high quality.

The first type of fabric, which is a combination of polyethylene, is light in weight and has good tear resistance. The second type of fabric, which is made of polypropylene, is heavier and suitable for the cold season.

Usually, mesh shade with polyethylene material is used for greenhouses and polypropylene material is used for patio awnings and pet awnings and such awnings. The possibility of tearing in polypropylene laces is higher due to the lack of high elasticity and the weight of the lace, so to avoid this issue, it is better to restrain its edge by stitching or glue.

The advantages of polyethylene canopy netting

Tear resistance
Resistance to deformation
Reducing heat and wind speed in the structure
High elasticity and flexibility
Long life
Easy installation
Advantages of polypropylene canopy netting

High resistance to sunlight
Low heat exchange
High shading rate

Canopy mesh with 30% density

Canopy mesh specifications with 30% density

Canopy mesh with 50% density

Canopy net specifications with 50% density

Canopy mesh with 80% density

Canopy net specifications with 80% density

Advantages of greenhouse canopy

Canopy mesh increases the efficiency of cooling pad and fan system in the greenhouse by reflecting the light and preventing this light from getting close to the plants. It protects the greenhouse from natural factors such as snow, rain, hail and birds.
These nets are flexible and can be easily installed and assembled. It prevents excessive sunlight, temperature increase and sunburn in animal and aquatic breeding halls.
The use of greenhouse green netting or green netting prevents the growth of algae in the pools and prevents the foliage of plants from entering the pool.
The lifespan of the greenhouse shade net (useful life 3 to 5 years)
Avoid wasting energy inside the greenhouse
Light weight and reasonable price
Greenhouse shade net is strong, light, and easy and quick to install.
These laces have a 5-year warranty.

Application of greenhouse green net or canopy net

Creating a balance and controlling the amount of light received by the greenhouse, which causes sufficient coverage for the required shading, reducing the temperature of the greenhouse, reducing evaporation and temperature, and saving the amount of water consumption, and finally maintaining the health of the plants against strong sunlight. .
Protection of plants against the invasion of birds and other animals
Covering in swimming pools, entertainment and sports centers
Preventing sunburn of flowers and fruit skin
As a net for the canopy of the kindergarten yard
Prevent the formation of fur and algae
In the following, we will introduce the plants that have achieved better efficiency in the process of growth and fruiting by using the shade net of the greenhouse:

Tomato: One of the characteristics of this plant is its high sensitivity to direct sunlight, which causes damage to this plant in the summer season and with the increase of sunlight and hot air flow caused by it. With its unique features, it can be the best solution to maintain the health and fruiting of this plant.
Pomegranate: Another use of canopy netting is to create shade in pomegranate orchards, which causes effects such as not burning pomegranates, preventing the occurrence of cutworms and reducing water consumption by 30%.
Bell pepper: The suitable temperature for growing bell pepper is 21-32°C for the plant and 27.5°C for the root, which can be achieved in the summer only by using the shade net of the greenhouse. In addition to increasing the fertility of plants, the use of canopy nets increases the quality of the skin of the product and makes the bell pepper last longer.
Flower: According to the type of cultivated flower, nets with different densities can be used to regulate the ambient temperature, the amount of sunlight and prevent harmful UV light radiation, which is one of the most important factors in the efficiency of flower cultivation.
Ornamental plants: in connection with the cultivation of ornamental plants, different shades with different colors and functions can be used, of course, it should be noted that the use of canopy nets in cold seasons increases the temperature of the greenhouse environment compared to the outside environment. will be
Cucumber: increasing the yield of cultivation and growth of cucumber, which today has become one of the most consumed fruits in most countries of the world, requires greenhouse conditions with a high percentage of humidity in the air and soil, and canopy netting is a good answer to this need. Gives. Using this net in cucumber cultivation increases greenhouse humidity and reduces water consumption by 60% and prevents temperature changes around the plant in order to improve the quality and amount of fruiting. Also, the use of greenhouse shade nets protects plants from direct sunlight and prevents physiological changes such as changes in plant growth index, changes in the ratio of roots to plants and the number of leaves. According to the mentioned cases, the best shade net recommended for cucumber cultivation is white greenhouse shade net with 50% density.
Aloevera
The use of canopy netting is not limited to greenhouses and is also used in other businesses such as animal husbandry and aquaculture to protect livestock and aquatic animals from the harmful UV rays of the sun and shading. It is worth mentioning that the use of canopy netting in swimming pools due to its long life prevents the growth of moss and algae and balances the environment temperature for aquatic life by reducing surface evaporation of water.

Also, according to the mentioned cases, canopy mesh can be used in landscaping and creating parking in recreational, sports, exhibitions and open spaces due to its ability to create a homogeneous environment with low temperature.

Parking canopy mesh

Leaving the car under the strong sunlight for a long time, especially in the summer and heat, will cause a lot of heat inside the car, which will cause the passengers to feel dissatisfied or even heatstroke while sitting inside the car, and in some cases cause water It becomes a series of things inside the car. Using the netting of the parking canopy is a very efficient and cost-effective strategy to solve this problem.

Canopy netting for livestock

In the open part of livestock farms in the hot season and with strong sunlight, it causes the body temperature of the animals to rise and cause them to get sick. Installing a shade shade is the best way to solve this problem. Also, the shade net prevents birds and insects from entering.

How can you keep your greenhouse cool in the summer?

Summer heat is a very important issue for greenhouse owners, when the greenhouse owner works inside a greenhouse and the temperature in the enclosed environment of the greenhouse is usually several degrees higher than the outside environment, which is very important.

As soon as spring begins and the days gradually get longer, greenhouse growers start thinking about ways to limit light and heat that won’t affect sensitive crops. Because excessive temperature in the greenhouse reduces the quality of the products.

Usually, from late spring to early autumn, the light level in the greenhouse exceeds the desired level and causes the production of radiant heat inside the greenhouse and increases the temperature of the greenhouse. Therefore, the use of canopy and shading nets will reflect some of the solar energy. The main task of the shading nets is to balance the heat of the sun’s rays in terms of photosynthesis and heat. The amount of shade and proper radiation created by these nets improves the quality of plants and reduces water consumption.

Ideal greenhouse temperature

The optimal temperature for a greenhouse is lower than expected, so that the optimal temperature is between 20 and 24 degrees Celsius. Temperatures above 27°C should be avoided.

In addition to canopy nets (greenhouse shading), which reduce the temperature inside the greenhouse, automatic roof windows in the greenhouse are also really useful for this issue. Because the warm air moves upwards due to its lightness and collects under the roof of the greenhouse.

During the research conducted, canopy nets can be useful and effective on the quality of fruits inside the greenhouse, for example, the experiments conducted on greenhouse tomatoes have shown that the shade created through shading or canopy nets for Producing high quality tomatoes in a greenhouse during the summer and warmer months of the year has been very fruitful.

Research has shown that in the greenhouse without canopy nets, up to 35% of the produced fruits suffered skin cracking, while in the greenhouse that was covered with 50% shade, only 25-29% of the tomatoes. had cracked skin, which shows the necessity of using canopy nets.

Therefore, shading with a greenhouse shade net is a useful method to reduce the production of fruits with cracked skin without reducing the size of the fruit, and this issue is very important for greenhouse owners.

Also, according to research, it has been shown that, in greenhouses where shade and canopy nets are used, the shade created has reduced the occurrence of blossom rot in tomatoes. These are the cases that show the importance of using canopy nets.

how to install canopy net

Often during the construction of the greenhouse they also install the nets. It is possible to mount the greenhouse shade net in two ways:

Thanks to the locking (nylon lock) and the spring, the size of the locking and springs is different.
It should be noted that a nylon lock and spring are also used to attach the anti-insect net. Using the locking spring system makes the nets stronger and the nets are attached without crumpling.

Advantages of spring lock or nylon lock

Quick and easy installation
The alloy used in this system prevents rusting.
Prevent web tearing and energy wastage

Advantages of spring locking or nylon locking

Quick and easy installation
The alloy used in this system prevents it from rusting.
Preventing tearing of the net and waste of energy

Through clamps or special clips for net installation, which clips are available in small and large sizes.

The way to use the clip is to first put the lace inside the male part of the clip and then put the female part on it and press firmly from both sides until they are fixed in place. There is a hole on each clip that you can install at the desired point using a plastic fastener and a towing wire. Usually, one or two clips are used per meter.

Advantages of canopy lace clips

High resistance to sunlight due to its anti-UV properties
Long life
High resistance to the wind and maintaining the net structure of the canopy
Easy to move without having to open the net
Diversity in installation due to the existence of different models
Easy installation
Low weight

Maintenance and care of the canopy net (important tips to increase the lifespan of the greenhouse green net)

Since laces are very sensitive, you should be careful in their maintenance and care.
As much as possible, the exact dimensions of the net should be selected correctly according to the required space, so that it does not suffer from stretching and tearing and changes in dimensions and sizes during installation.
The nets must be kept in a covered area and away from sunlight and animals before being used in the desired location.
During installation, make sure that the net should not be in contact with sharp objects.
These nets should always be away from chemicals, lime and sulfur compounds, etc. The contact of the laces with these materials leads to the loss of the laces.
Preventing gasoline, cement and all kinds of oil from coming into contact with the shade net
To wash the laces, spread them gently on the floor and wash and dry them with a soft brush with low pressure water and mild detergent (neutral ph).
In the seasons when you do not need to use these nets, keep them in a closed bag and in a covered place to protect them from the bites of insects and rodents.
For ease of installation, it is better for the user to use the appropriate tools for installing the net.
Use clamps for installation
Sometimes, according to the requirements of the environment, the user is forced to use the base and supporting structures to install the net. do not enter
Try to install the nets in a sloping manner so that water and plant debris such as branches and leaves do not accumulate on it and do not pass through its seams.
It is recommended to install the shade net on the roof of the greenhouse instead of inside the greenhouse. Because in addition to protecting the plastic cover of the greenhouse from sunlight, the presence of this soft cover under the netting of the canopy prevents its wear, tear and decay in the long term.
Installing the canopy net at noon and high temperature can lead to measurement errors and as a result, the net is stretched inappropriately after the temperature drops. Therefore, it is better to install the canopy net in the early morning or late evening.

Raschel weaving and canopy net production machines

The machines that are used to produce Rachel or canopy nets are as follows, and these machines can be used in the canopy net production line.

Interestingly, Rachel’s knitting machines have many uses. Among other things, it can be used for the production of bags, canopy nets, safety nets and bird nets in different dimensions and sizes, for all kinds of agricultural or construction purposes.

Export and import statistics of lace

Export of lace products

Import of lace products

Types of Raschel laces

Rachel mesh bags for packaging and covering agricultural products such as oranges, potatoes, onions, dates, etc., are provided with the best and highest quality materials for ease of storage and shipping to customers at Fan Avran Aria Axor Company (Famco). Hyper Sanat Famco, as the official sales representative of Northern Elixir products, offers Tori Rachel in the following types:

Citrus bag

bag of oranges
bag of tangerines
Bag of lemons

summer bag

bag of potatoes
bag of onions
Bag of cabbage
bag of carrots
pepper bag

Dry bag

bag of walnuts
bag of pistachios
bag of almonds

date bag

Rachel lace bag

Because of its flexibility, resistance, and at the same time reasonable price, Rachel net bag is used in applications such as packaging of fruits and vegetables such as potatoes, onions, citrus fruits, carrots, walnuts, pomegranates, etc. or packaging of waste, packaging of toys and etc. you are used. Rachel’s bag is very durable and strong for carrying and packing. With this bag, the products will not tear when hit. The material of the cover bag is polyethylene, which is flexible and durable. The elasticity of this product means that if more products are added than the capacity of each bag, the fabric will not separate easily. One of the effective features of this product is the proper ventilation inside the bag. Rachel’s bag is produced in different sizes and colors according to the desired product.

Feature of plastic mesh bag

The possibility of exchanging air inside the bag with the outside in order to prevent the products from spoiling
High resistance and durability
Beautiful and attractive coloring
The impossibility of spoilage of products and proper ventilation
Ease of use and standard packaging of agricultural products
Affordable and economical price

Types of Rachel bags

Types of Rachel bag capacity

Application of plastic mesh bag

Classification and division of citrus fruits such as: oranges, tangerines, limes, sweet lemons and Omani lemons
Classification and division of summer vegetables such as: potatoes, onions, peppers and carrots
Classification and division of dry fruits such as: walnuts, pistachios, almonds, etc

Rachel lace bags are often packaged and sold in packs of 1000. The weight of each bag is between 11 and 60 grams according to its dimensions and in orange, yellow, purple, red, white, dark green and light green colors. Attractive and colorful packaging of agricultural products increases the demand for their purchase. The most popular types of Rachel bags are 37×50, 65×45, 80×50, 80×60 (cabbage bag) and 90×80 (date bag).

Table of capacity and weight of commonly used Rachel bags

Rachel’s bag of citrus fruits

This bag is used for citrus fruits such as oranges, tangerines, limes, sweet lemons and Omani lemons. The bags for citrus fruit packaging are divided into two categories: citrus fruits from the north of the country, such as oranges and tangerines, and citrus fruits from the south, such as limes, each of which can be presented in various colors in its appropriate season. The beginning of the northern citrus harvest season and the use of 50 x 37 cm bags is from the beginning of autumn to the end of winter, and it is usually produced in an orange color that gives a good effect to the product. Yellow bags of 37 x 50 cm and 45 x 65 cm are used for the packaging of citrus fruits in the south of the country, and they are most in demand from mid-spring to the end of summer. Citrus bags can hold 7 to 23 kg.

Potato Rachel bag:

Rachel bags for potatoes are produced in yellow and red colors and usually in sizes of 50 x 80 cm and in some cases in the size of 60 x 80 cm which is special for cabbage. Rachel’s bag of potatoes can bear the weight of up to 35 kg of the product, in manual and mechanized transport.

Rachel onion bag:

Packaging bags for onions are usually the same color as the product itself, i.e. in some cases it is purple and in some cases it is yellow. It is produced in sizes 45×65 and 50×80 cm and more in spring and summer.

Rachel Kalm bag:

The bags that are produced in dimensions of 60×80 are for packing cabbage and are light green or dark green in color to make cabbage more attractive and have a suitable capacity for distributing and transporting cabbage products. The beginning of the harvest and supply season of cabbage is from the beginning of autumn to mid-spring, which is often produced for export and shipment abroad with a density close to 30% texture.

Date cover bag

The date cover bag is used to cover and protect the dates from weather conditions and insect and bird attacks until the product reaches the palm trees. Today, the use of net date bags in our fertile country, Iran, has become more prosperous and has attracted the attention of farmers.

The date bag is produced and sold in dimensions of 90×80 cm and green color. These bags have two openings at the top and bottom of the bag so that the heads of the clusters can be closed easily or the products inside the bag can be collected.

Date mesh bag controls part of the heat of sunlight and prevents the date from drying out and heating up. The openings in the date bag are such that they prevent insects such as bees from entering the bag and provide the dates with proper ventilation. The date bag allows enough light to reach the date and by adjusting the intensity of the sunlight, it prevents the date from drying and sunburn. Pests such as mites and fruit-eating worms threaten the growth of dates and similar products. By installing a net bag, the infiltration of fine dust in the grove, bird droppings and the occurrence of such problems are prevented.

Date bag specifications

Benefits of using date bags

Preventing airborne dust from entering the palm cluster
Ease of collecting dates and installing the bag on the cluster
Prevent dates from falling on the ground
The possibility of proper ventilation
Protection from bird, bee and insect bites
Prevent the product from drying out
Optimum coverage and increased safety and load of products
Protection against the intense heat and dryness of the grove area

Date bags are considered among the types of net bags and are offered in packs of 5000 pieces.

Benefits of using Rachel’s lace bag

High resistance and strength
The possibility of diverse and colorful packaging
The possibility of exchanging air inside the bag with the outside
The possibility of tasting the logo and branding of agricultural products
Visually attractive and suitable for packaging children’s toys

Energy saving curtain or energy saving net

Thermal curtain or energy saving shade in all seasons of the year by controlling light and heat prevents energy wastage and reduces energy consumption in the greenhouse to some extent. Also, the energy saving shade or energy saving curtain helps to save fuel costs and cooling and heating equipment. In the old days, they used to rub flowers on the roof of the greenhouse to protect plants from the sun, but over time, the flowers were destroyed by the wind, snow and rain, and this caused the ineffectiveness of this method, that’s why energy storage nets Or the energy saving curtain was built and operated. As a distributor of greenhouse thermal curtains or energy storage sheds, Fan Avran Aria Axor Company (FAMCO) is ready to provide services and price lists of energy storage sheds or energy storage curtains to its customers.

Anti-insect net

How to choose the best insect netting requires consideration of the pore network to prevent pests from entering. Often, the anti-insect net is offered in the market under the name of anti-thrips net, it filters out pests such as thrips and similar pests, which are among the most important pests available, and they are available in different meshes of 32, 40 and 50.

Anti-hail mesh

Hail rain every year causes great and irreparable financial losses to agricultural and horticultural products. Hail rain in spring will cause damage to tree tops and blossoms, its lack of control can also be very harmful. Hail causes fruit fall from 4 to 48% and fruit damage from 92 to 98%, so using anti-hail canopy in gardens solves this problem. Also, this net will prevent damage caused by heavy rains and snow. To protect the garden from hail and heavy rain, these nets are installed in a V shape. It is also called anti-hail net.

Important factors when choosing an insect protection net

Type of pest: One of the most important points in choosing and installing an anti-insect net for the greenhouse is to know that each plant is attacked by certain insects. Different plants have different pests. Knowing what pests attack your desired product will help you choose the right mesh for insect netting.
Material: Most insect nets are made of polyethylene (nylon), which has high durability, strength and flexibility, and is also resistant to moisture.
Mesh: The smaller the diameter of the mesh, the better the ability of the greenhouse insect net to repel smaller insects. But the reduction of the diameter of the meshes has a negative effect on the ventilation of the greenhouse. Insect thrips are very small and the greenhouse anti-thrips net can also prevent other insects from entering. The high mesh diameter is suitable for protecting the greenhouse from large insects such as grasshoppers. For example, mesh 50 with very small pores is designed to prevent the entry of thrips.

50 mesh greenhouse anti-insect net

32 mesh greenhouse anti-insect net

Shading and resistance to light, heat and humidity: Another important factor when buying a greenhouse anti-insect net is the amount of shading. Shading refers to the reduction of direct sunlight. Since the place of installation of various types of insect nets is in front of greenhouse windows, these nets are usually installed in the walls or roof of the greenhouse and are exposed to constant sunlight. It has a coated net that makes it resistant to ultraviolet (UV) rays. But the presence of sunlight in the greenhouse is essential, and for this reason, you cannot use an anti-insect net with a high percentage of shading.
Also, this net should be resistant to heat and not change its shape under the sun. Polyethylene is a material that, in addition to having good flexibility and strength, is also resistant to moisture. It should also be noted that the anti-insect net must be resistant to corrosion. Acid rains or poisons used for pest control should not cause corrosion of net material and its destruction. Also, humidity should not have a negative effect on the structure of these nets. The standard shading rate of the anti-insect net is about 20-30%. The percentage of shading increases with decreasing mesh diameter.
Weight and strength: The net weight per square meter is also one of the important factors in buying this net. Normally, the weight of these nets is from 120 to 140 grams per square meter. Tensile strength also refers to the resistance of the net against the force and weight of objects. The tensile strength of the greenhouse anti-thrips net should be at least 18 kg. This net is constantly exposed to pressure, which can be caused by various phenomena such as impact, birds sitting on the net, pressure from tree branches or objects hitting the net, for which a resistance of 18 kg is suitable.
Construction: Another important factor is the technique used in the greenhouse insect netting. The mesh holes should be very fine, small and uniform to prevent the entry of small insects. Lace is produced in large rolls. So, when cutting the net for use in different parts of the greenhouse, care must be taken that the net does not lose its uniformity and shape.
The following points should be observed when choosing an anti-insect net for the greenhouse:

The room and hall must be fully insulated.
Adequate ventilation should be considered. The mesh holes should not be so small as to prevent proper ventilation of the greenhouse air.
The plants and seedlings that are to be grown in the greenhouse must be free from any kind of disease and pest.

Where to install the anti-insect net of the greenhouse?

We install these nets on all openings, including windows, vents, or even in front of the pads, through which there is a possibility of insects entering.

integrated management of pests in the greenhouse (Integrated Plant Protection)

Integrated pest management is a new way to prevent, control and fight pests for a long time without affecting human health, the environment, the main plant and other beneficial organisms. Integrated pest management deals with their environmental, physical, biological or chemical control by accurately identifying pests and their populations. Also, the aim of this management is acceptable reduction of these pests. It is important to mention that pest reduction should not have a negative effect on the environment. In this method, the producer tries to prevent pollution caused by the presence of pests in the greenhouse. Plant protection depends on several factors, including pest identification and diagnosis, principles of crop production, biotechnology, pesticides, and environmental science.

Integrated pest management is a combination of the following three factors:

1. Eliminating the spread of pests and diseases through

1- Changing favorable conditions for the spread of pests and diseases

2- Removal of plant remains

3-Disinfection

4- Biological control (natural predators or biological toxins)

5- The use of pesticides according to principles such as the appropriate time of spraying, attention to the formulation and concentration required for spraying, considering the target plant.

2. Preventing the spread of pests and diseases through
1-Inspection of plants: once or twice a week, all the products and plants of the greenhouse should be checked. If the color and shape of the leaves as well as the color and shape of the fruit are abnormal, take necessary measures.

2- Use of anti-insect nets (thrips pests, whiteflies): install in all openings of these nets.
3-Creating ventilation in the greenhouse environment: since all factors are under control in the greenhouse, proper ventilation is needed so that pests do not enter the environment due to the availability of humidity and optimal temperature.
4- The use of two entrance doors: in order not to let hot or cold air out of the greenhouse and to prevent insects from entering, in front of the main door, a room of 2 x 2 dimensions is made, preferably made of polycarbonate, because plastic is easy to pass by people. It may tear. There is also a basin inside this chamber, where shoe disinfectants such as lime water and formalin are poured into the basin. After passing through this door, people disinfect their shoes to prevent the virus from entering.
3. Adherence to health principles in the greenhouse
1- Removal of rotten leaves
2- Collecting water accumulated on the floor of the greenhouse
3-Destroying weeds inside and outside the greenhouse
4- Workers’ clothes should be free of pollution.
5- Hands should be washed and disinfected before doing anything.
6- Maintaining hygiene in drinking water: most pathogens such as Pythium, Fusarium, Phytophthora, Erwinia, and nematodes grow in water.
7- Spraying should be done in such a way that it does not contaminate the water used for the plants and only target the cultivation beds. Also, low-risk poisons should be used. Spraying should be done after harvest.
8-Sterilizing water with UV rays, treating with ozone, disinfecting with brine, hydrogen peroxide, filtering

UV radiation is electromagnetic energy with a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm, which is divided into three groups:

UV-A with a wavelength of 315 to 400 nm
UV-B with a wavelength of 290 to 315 nm
UV-C with a wavelength of 220 to 290 nm

The source of UV-A is smoke from plastic. UV-B is absorbed by ozone. One percent of solar energy is UV-C, which affects human and animal health.

Water disinfection is done with UV-C rays with a wavelength of 254 nanometers. Most microorganisms are destroyed at this wavelength. Disinfection depends on the duration and intensity of irradiation.

Objectives and stages of integrated pest management

Pest tracking

Identification of the pest and its life stages: By having knowledge of the important pests of the planted plant, its different life stages, biology and favorable conditions for the growth of the pest and the stage of damage, it is possible to identify the pest at the right time.

Record different stages of plant growth for pest management

Some pests attack the planted plant at a certain stage of growth. Therefore, by recording different stages of plant growth, it is possible to identify the stage where the plant is sensitive to damage.

Use of yellow and blue cards: Insects react to wavelengths between 300 and 650 nm. Yellow and blue are in this color spectrum. Insects and pests are attracted to these colors and after dealing with these cards, due to the sticky nature of these cards, they stick to them and are destroyed. Yellow cards and strips are used to control aphids, mites, whiteflies, psyllium, etc. (vertically installed) and blue cards are used to control all types of thrips (horizontally installed).
Permanent monitoring of the greenhouse and taking statistics of pests and insects in the greenhouse by counting the number of pests on leaves, stems, soil, etc. (including eggs, larvae and complete insects)
Daily recording of biophysiological and climatic conditions such as humidity, temperature, wind speed, etc
Examining the condition of the plant and its growth stages by selecting specific samples in the greenhouse: condition of roots, leaves, stems, germination and flowering
Checking and measuring the pH and EC of water and soil used
Designing the system and the structure of the structure based on the ecosystem conditions of each region
Compliance with the anti-insect system in any type of structure
Designing a proper structure is very essential in stabilizing and uniforming the temperature of the greenhouse environment. Preventing energy wastage and an important factor in controlling damage caused by temperature changes, such as the disease caused by angular spot bacteria, which is caused by a temperature difference of more than 10 degrees.
Designing the irrigation system carefully in adjusting the amount of water based on the plant’s need for water is an important factor in preventing damage to the plant. High humidity is the most important problem of greenhouses in the region. Sweating and water falling on the leaves causes burns and increases whiteheads. Be careful that the irrigation is adequate. If the plant is watered more than needed, according to the availability of moisture and other factors, the ground for the growth of all kinds of fungi is provided.
Determining appropriate distances between greenhouses: This prevents pests and diseases from neighboring greenhouses from entering other greenhouses. The proper distance between the greenhouses is between 4 and 6 meters.
Insulating the greenhouse bed between the rows with plastic (plastic mulch) or concrete in order to prevent the growth of weeds and collect the materials from plant fall and pests, especially minnows, and prevent the penetration of larvae into the soil and interrupt the life cycle of pests. .
Compliance with the entry and exit of people and wild and domestic animals
Door and window control
Control and destroy vegetation and weeds at a distance of 3 to 10 meters around the greenhouse
Compliance with the clothing of the workers, especially the color of the clothes and not using blue, yellow and pink colors
Disinfection of materials and equipment used in the greenhouse
Removal of plant residues from the previous cropping season
Choosing the correct methods of preparing soil and cultivation beds, fertilizer with the view of using biological agents and compost and vermicompost
Analysis of the appropriate pattern in terms of planting date, density, appropriate plant density, type of cultivation in each region
The correct method of pruning and guiding the plant
Soil and leaf testing to determine actual nutritional needs
Disinfection of the substrate before cultivation: by three methods: water vapor, sunlight and chemical gases. Using the solarization method is the best method of disinfecting the greenhouse and it is very economical and environmentally friendly. This work is done after preparing the cultivation bed and especially in the summer season.
Using transplant method instead of direct planting
Use of resistant foundations with graft method
Continuous pruning of the bush
Choosing the right seed for the ecosystem conditions
Use of resistant cultivars
Biological control using beneficial insects and natural enemies 58 damaging agents have been identified in the greenhouse.
Accurate identification of pest or disease and natural enemy and their ecosystem compatibility with each other
Use of biological pesticides such as BT
Managed chemical control
Choosing the right pesticide
How to consume and use properly
Using hormonal and pseudo-hormonal insecticides that interfere with the stages of pest growth and disrupt their growth.
Determining the vulnerability stages of the pest’s life cycle for combat
Use mineral compounds to fight

1. Disinfection before planting

One of the things that can be considered in integrated pest management is the removal of pests from previous crops. With successive and continuous cultivation of a crop, the amount of pest infestation in the greenhouse increases. Removing all the remains of the plant from the planting site will eliminate pathogens, pests and mites. Culture media contain fungal spores, nematodes or insect eggs, larvae and pupae. All the weeds in the greenhouse should be removed. Pots, growing beds, walls and the floor of the greenhouse must be disinfected. Soil disinfection is done after harvesting the previous crop and before planting the new crop. This is done by three methods: steaming, sunlight and chemicals.

In the steaming method, a steam generator is used. Before disinfection by steam, the soil of the greenhouse should be irrigated up to the agricultural capacity of the field and the soil should be plowed. He also put a plastic cover on the soil to prevent water vapor from escaping and wasting. Leaving the greenhouse empty with a plastic cover for 2 weeks in the summer season will help a lot to remove pollution. Methyl bromide, vapam and chloropicrin (tear gas) are used in disinfection. In this method, the soil moisture should be up to the agricultural capacity, the plowed land and clods should be broken, and a nylon cover should be placed on the soil. 24

One hour after the spraying operation, the plastics should be removed and after 10 days, the cultivation should be started.

2. Planting operations in integrated pest management

Appropriate and correct use of nutrients, water pH and fertilizer salt control are very important in the health of plants. When the plant suffers from a deficiency or food poisoning due to the imbalance of nutrients (increase or decrease of one of the nutrients, especially nitrogen, calcium, etc.), it favors the conditions for the growth and spread of pests and diseases. Each of the ornamental plants or vegetables and summer plants require a specific and optimal temperature and humidity. Creating suitable conditions for plant growth makes them resistant to pest and disease attacks.

The morphology of some plants, such as the presence of cuticle on the surface wall of the leaves, produces undesirable compounds that will repel the pest and resist the pollution caused by it. Soil and water testing and control of pH and EC help control pests and diseases, especially soil-borne diseases. In greenhouses growing roses, chrysanthemums or other cut flowers, testing samples taken from plants (leaves) helps a lot to determine nutrient changes in the soil.

Creating ventilation and heating in the plant bed will reduce the wetting of the leaves. Also, controlling the relative humidity is very important in preventing the occurrence of diseases. Air circulation inside the greenhouse causes air exchange inside the greenhouse. Dry air outside the greenhouse reduces humidity at night. The application of the horizontal air flow system in the greenhouse helps to dry the wet plants. Pruning the dead parts of the plant, flowers and rotten leaves (those that are infected with insect eggs or larvae) will help greatly in reducing the spread of pests in the greenhouse. Pruning excess foliage in the greenhouse environment causes proper ventilation around the plant, lack of shade and lack of moisture, all three of which cause the growth and multiplication of insects. When pruning plants, clean tools should be used and hands should not be contaminated. Knives can be disinfected in 70% alcohol to kill bacteria.

3. Greenhouse monitoring

Monitoring plants and identifying pests and diseases in plants, floors and greenhouse platforms is another measure related to integrated pest management. One of the identification methods is the use of indicator plants, soil and water tests and plant samples. Checking irrigation nozzles and areas where water accumulates is also one of the things to consider. Checks should be done daily or weekly. Try to prepare all monitoring tools including temperature, humidity, light and CO2 sensors. To mechanize the system, these sensors are installed in the central control system. The central control system consists of a computer and command circuits. By programming in advance on each of these sensors, turning on and off the greenhouse heater, misting system, pumping, all kinds of fans, pads, nets and even opening and closing the windows can be done mechanically. .

Anti-bird netting

The invasion of birds to orchards causes a lot of damage to gardeners, and the use of anti-bird netting can reduce these damages by 100%. There are different types of canopy installation to control birds according to the type of tree and planting method. In the gardens where the birds have access to the tree from the side, the canopy net is installed horizontally and near the tree, but in the gardens where the birds have access from above, the anti-bird net is installed from both the top and the side. .

Advantages of anti-hail mesh

Preventing blossoms from falling in spring
Preventing damage to trunks and stems of trees and crops
Preventing frostbite due to accumulation of snow on crops and trees
Prevent damage to products due to heavy rain

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Satis Holding able to provide any amount of requested lace?

What countries is it possible to send to?

There are extensive relations with neighboring countries, but it is possible to send products to all parts of the world by Satis Holding’s overseas team.

If we need advice, how can Satis Holding help?

Satis expert consultants in various fields are your answer in specialized fields.